Rectifier diode

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Rectifier diode

A semiconductor device that converts alternating current energy into direct current energy. Usually it consists of a PN junction with two terminals, positive and negative. The most important characteristic of diodes is the unilateral conductivity. In a circuit, current can only flow in from the positive side of the diode and out from the negative side.

Summary

A semiconductor device used to convert alternating current into direct current. The most important characteristic of diodes is the unilateral conductivity. In a circuit, current can only flow in from the positive side of the diode and out from the negative side. Usually it consists of a PN junction with two terminals, positive and negative. Its structure is shown in the figure. The carriers in the P-region are holes, and the carriers in the N-region are electrons, which form a barrier between the P-region and the N-region. When the applied voltage makes the P-region positive to the N-region, the barrier will be reduced, and the storage carriers will be generated near both sides of the barrier, which can pass through large current and have low voltage drop (typical value is 0.7V), which is called forward conduction state. If the opposite voltage is applied to increase the barrier, it can withstand high reverse voltage and flow through a small reverse current (called reverse leakage current), which is called reverse blocking state. The rectifier diode has obvious one-way conductivity. Rectifiers can be made of semiconductor germanium or silicon. Silicon rectifier diode has high breakdown voltage, low reverse leakage current and good high temperature performance. Generally, high-voltage and high-power rectifiers are made of high-purity monocrystalline silicon (it is easy to reverse breakdown when there are many dopants). The junction area of the device is large, and it can pass a large current (up to kiloampere), but the working frequency is not high, generally below tens of kilohertz. Rectifier diodes are mainly used in various low-frequency half wave rectifier circuits. If full wave rectifier is needed, it needs to be connected into a rectifier bridge.