Transformer loss

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Transformer loss

When the primary winding of the power transformer is energized, the magnetic flux generated by the coil flows in the core. Since the core itself is also a conductor, a potential is induced in a plane perpendicular to the magnetic field line. This potential forms a closed loop on the cross section of the core. And generate a current, like a vortex, so called "eddy current." This "vortex" increases the loss of the transformer and increases the temperature rise of the transformer's core heating power transformer. The loss caused by the "eddy current" is called "iron loss". In addition, a large number of copper wires are required to wind the power transformer. These copper wires have resistance. When the current flows, the resistor consumes a certain amount of power. This loss is often consumed as heat. We call this loss "copper loss." ". Therefore, the temperature rise of the transformer is mainly caused by iron loss and copper loss. Since the power transformer has iron loss and copper loss, its output power is always less than the input power. For this reason, we introduce an efficiency parameter to describe this, η = output power / input power.