The development of integrated circuit

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The development of integrated circuit

The most advanced integrated circuit is the core of microprocessor or multi-core processor, which can control everything from computer to mobile phone to digital microwave oven. Although the cost of designing and developing a complex integrated circuit is very high, the cost of each integrated circuit is minimized when it is distributed to millions of products. The performance of integrated circuit is very high, because small size brings short path, so low power logic circuit can be applied in fast switching speed.

Over the years, integrated circuits have continued to develop to smaller dimensions, allowing each chip to pack more circuits. This increases the capacity per unit area, which can reduce costs and increase functions. See Moore's law, the number of transistors in integrated circuits doubles every 1.5 years. In a word, with the reduction of overall dimensions, almost all indicators have improved, unit cost and switching power consumption have decreased, and speed has increased. However, there are also problems with IC integrated nano devices, mainly leakage current. As a result, the increase in speed and power consumption for end-users is very obvious, and manufacturers face the acute challenge of using better geometry. This process and the expected progress in the next few years are well described in the semiconductor international technology roadmap.

Only in the second half century of its development, integrated circuits have become ubiquitous, and computers, mobile phones and other digital appliances have become an indispensable part of the social structure. This is because modern computing, communication, manufacturing and transportation systems, including the Internet, all depend on the existence of integrated circuits. Even many scholars think that the digital revolution brought by integrated circuits is the most important event in human history. The maturity of IC will bring about a great leap forward in science and technology. Whether it is in the design technology or in the semiconductor process breakthrough, both are closely related.