Brief history of insulating materials

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Brief history of insulating materials

Insulating materials are the basis and guarantee of the development of electrical products, which play an important role in the development of electrical machinery and electrical industry. The development and progress of insulating materials depend on the development of polymer materials and directly restrict and influence the development and progress of electrical products.

Insulating material is the key to the advanced technology of electrical products, and also an important guarantee for the long-term safe and reliable operation of electrical products. Therefore, it is required to develop new varieties of insulating materials, improve product performance and quality to meet the needs of the continuous development of electrical products

After more than 50 years of development, China's insulating material industry has initially formed an industrial system with complete products, complete supporting facilities and considerable production scale and scientific research strength. Especially in the past 20 years, the varieties of insulating materials have developed rapidly, the quality has been greatly improved, and the product level has reached a new height.

Before the 20th century, insulating materials were basically from natural materials or their products. The earliest electric motors used silk, cotton yarn and cotton cloth as insulation materials. In order to improve water resistance, natural resins such as shellac, vegetable oil and asphalt were used for impregnation.

At the beginning of the 20th century, due to the development of organic synthesis and polymer chemistry, the first synthetic polymer, phenolic resin, was made. It is also an important invention in the field of insulating materials. As soon as phenolic resin came out, it was widely used. It was made into impregnated paint, plastics, impregnated fiber products and laminated products based on phenolic resin. After that, urea formaldehyde resin, aniline formaldehyde resin, melamine formaldehyde resin and glycerin resin appeared.

Since the 1930s, PVC, PE, polytetrafluoroethylene, neoprene and polyvinyl acetal have been developed. After the 1950s, the industrial production of silicone resin, polyester film, unsaturated polyester resin, epoxy resin, etc., and the industrial production of glass fiber and mica products began to promote the development of insulation materials. With the development of modern polymer chemistry and industry, the development period of new insulating materials based on synthetic polymers has really begun. The polymers appearing in the previous section have been used in insulation materials one after another, and new types of insulation materials have been developed rapidly, such as solventless paint used in motor

Impregnation; thin film composite products as slot insulation of motor; mica products developed rapidly and were used in large-scale high-voltage generator; sulfur hexafluoride came out and was applied in high-voltage electrical appliances.

In the 1970s, with the further development of polymer industry to large-scale industrialization, new F-class and H-class insulation material systems began to appear in the insulation material industry. Polyimide, polyamide imide, polyimide, polydiphenyl ether and other heat-resistant insulation paints, adhesives and films, as well as modified epoxy, unsaturated polyester and polyarylene were successively developed A series of new products, such as amide fiber paper and its composite materials. The heat-resistant grade of electrical products has been upgraded to grade B in large quantities, and new grade F and grade H insulating materials have been used in special motors such as metallurgy, crane, locomotive motor, etc.

Since 1980s, China has developed large-scale F-class and H-class insulation materials independently, which has improved the performance. For example, modified diphenyl ether, modified bismaleimide, modified polyesterimide enamelled wire paint, polyamide imide enamelled wire paint, polyimide enamelled wire paint, F-class and H-class glass fiber products, high-performance polyimide film, F-class epoxy mica tape have emerged And so on. Solventless impregnation resin and quick drying impregnation paint have developed rapidly. Mica tape with less rubber powder and VPI (vacuum pressure impregnation) impregnation resin began to be used.

Modern application of nanotechnology to develop nano insulation materials. Nanotechnology can be applied in many fields, including insulating materials. Nano scale powder (ranging from 1 to 100 nm) can be uniformly dispersed in polymer resin, or nano crystalline or non crystalline materials can be formed or added inside the polymer, or nano micropores or bubbles can be formed. Due to the structural characteristics of nano particles, composite materials show a series of unique and strange properties, which makes nano materials develop into a promising new material field. At present, China has carried out research in this field, such as Sichuan University has successfully prepared polyimide / montmorillonite nanocomposite films. The application of nano materials will open up the development prospect of new materials and new technologies for many new and different properties that traditional insulating materials cannot achieve.